The article presents a conceptual framework to address the social inclusion of adolescents and youths in a middle-income country like Argentina. The background of youths social exclusion is the historical process of expropriation of welfare under the neoliberal state. I analyze social trajectories, situations of vulnerability and social and individual supports in heterogeneous settings of inequality. I also theoretically examine the ways of conceptualizing the social context and the constitution of the individual, facing institutional changes. In conclusion: it is necessary to investigate further the specific ways in which inequalities and vulnerabilities intersect, and to design technologies of intervention. These technologies should be based both on scientific evidence and the recognition of youths rights.