1. Léo Peruzzo – Dear professor Putnam, your philosophical career was marked at the beginning by the influence of logical positivism, especially by Carnap. However, as we know, logical positivism argues (in addition to arguing for the unification of the language of science) that scientific theories can describe the “reality”. I believe that since the 1960s you have supported akind of “realism” according to which scientific theories are approximately true. In what sense must we understand, therefore, the task of scientific theories? Could they arrive, at some time in history, to the “reality”?