This article analyzes the formation of a new working class in the development poles that were established in Patagonia and Amazonia during the 1960s and 1970s. The growth of industry required the influx of workers to these areas, but this does not imply that there were no workers there initially. However, the scale of the transformation that took place led to the development of what can be called a new class. This class included migrants from various areas who had few traditions and experiences in common and a history conditioned by industrialization dependent on state subsidies. We analyze how each working class grew and the forms of struggle and organization they developed. The study is based on a literature survey, journalistic sources, census data, and interviews with workers. Studying this process contributes to an understanding of similar dynamics in other countries, where experiences of subsidized industrialization were also implemented.Este artículo analiza la formación de una nueva clase obrera en los polos de desarrollo de Patagonia y Amazonia durante 1960 y 1970. El impulso industrialista hizo necesario el arribo de trabajadores para cubrir los empleos generados; esto no implica que no existieran obreros en esas regiones, pero las transformaciones vividas generan la necesidad de hablar de una nueva clase, la cual tuvo diversos afluentes migratorios, escasas tradiciones y experiencias en común y una historia condicionada por la industrialización dependiente de subsidios estatales. Analizamos cómo se construyó cada clase obrera y qué formas de lucha y organización desarrolló. Conocer este proceso aporta a la comprensión de dinámicas similares en otros países, donde también se implementaron experiencias de industrialización subsidiada.