RESUMEN Procuramos aquí revisar dos documentos recientes que involucran intereses de las actuales organizaciones indígenas: la Ley de Educación Nacional Nº 26206 y la Declaración Trasandina de Choya. Las reformas del sistema educativo en los noventa han ampliado notablemente su cobertura al mismo tiempo que disminuyeron con igual envergadura, su calidad. Los mencionados son documentos que evidencian la contradicción en la construcción de saberes que ocurre al interior del Estado, por la emergencia de prácticas sociales, políticas y culturales hasta el momento silenciadas, como es el caso de los reclamos indígenas.PALABRAS CLAVE: Política educativa – Pueblos originarios – Estado – Principios éticos.STATE AND EDUCATION: NATIONAL EDUCATION LAW Nº 26206, ARGENTINA AND THE TRANS-ANDEAN DECLARATION OF CHOYAABSTRACT In this paper we intend to review two recent documents of interest to current indigenous organizations: the National Education Law Nº 26206 and the Trans-Andean Declaration of Choya. The reforms to educational systems undertaken throughout the 90’s have notably widened their coverage, while at the same time have hindered in equal measure their quality. Said documents are evidence of the contradictions in the process of building knowledge which happens within the State, due to the emergence of social, political and cultural practices that remained silenced until now, as it is the case of the claims of indigenous groups.KEY WORDS: Educational politics – Originary people – State – Ethical principles