Based on palynological and isotopic records available across Brazil, this article traces the evolution of the landscape since the last glaciation in four different time intervals, namely the MIS3, the Last Glacial Maximum, the Tardiglacial, and the Holocene (ancient , medium and recent), within the main biomes of the Amazon Forest, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado. and Caatinga. This review highlights four bioclimatic regions and their many numerous environmental and climatic oscillations.