Tropical fisheries tend to be multispecies and require management approaches adapted to high diversity but scarce and poorly informative data. Productivity and Susceptibility Analysis-PSA is particularly useful where catch or biological data are incomplete, aggregated across species or insufficient for quantitative stock assessment. We applied PSA to estimate vulnerability and potential risk to target and non-target species caught by the small-scale shrimp fishery in northeast Brazil, adapting the method to regional conditions and incorporating an assessment of uncertainties caused by its subjective choices. Our findings suggest that non-target species can be more vulnerable than target ones. Bagre marinus, Pseudobatos percellens, Micropogonias furnieri, Hypanus guttatus, Macrodon ancylodon, Polydactylus virginicus, Rhizoprionodon porosus, Cynoscion virescens, Larimus breviceps, and Menticirrhus americanus, were the top 10 species potentially at risk due to their low productivity (long lifespans, low spawning), high capture rates of juveniles and overlap of feeding and breeding grounds with fishing areas. Most species (76%) maintained the same risk category (low, moderate, or high) regardless of the score weighting or productivity and susceptibility attribute boundaries applied. Overall, the target species are not currently the main ones threatened, but bycatch such as elasmobranchs, catfishes and Scianidae should be prioritized for assessment and data collection.