Deepfakes applications. Manipulation of audiovisual content and risks for users based on privacy policies

Boté Vericad, Juan José; Vállez, Mari

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dc.creator	Boté Vericad, Juan José
dc.creator	Vállez, Mari
dc.date	2022-01-27
dc.identifier	https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/DCIN/article/view/77256
dc.identifier	10.5209/dcin.77256
dc.description	The growth of fake news makes users insecure when they consume information. While text-based news is perhaps the most widespread, video is gaining ground quickly, and has been transformed into informative content that can be manipulated, leading to misinformation among users. This article analyses 63 applications for mobile devices that enable the creation of deepfakes. An analysis of the apps is carried out by examining 16 indicators across three dimensions: description of the application, treatment of the image, and data protection. Each application has its peculiarities regarding the modification of the physiognomy of a person, especially their face. In some cases, the legality of the applications is questionable as they can impact people’s fundamental rights. The results demonstrate that, in many cases, the user is not informed of the technology used by the applications, nor the types of data that are collected. In conclusion the apps allow the generation of fake videos by manipulating the physiognomy of people, however, there is a lack of information surrounding the privacy policies of the data they collect. In addition, the use of these applications can damage the image and/or reputation of a person and even supplant their identity.	en-US
dc.description	El crecimiento de las noticias falsas provoca en los usuarios inseguridad cuando consumen información. Siendo los formatos de noticias de tipo de textual quizás los más extendidos, el vídeo está irrumpiendo con fuerza y se ha transformado en contenido informativo que puede manipularse llevando a la desinformación de los usuarios. En este artículo se analizan 63 aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles que permiten generar deepfakes. Se realiza un análisis de las apps utilizando 16 indicadores clasificados en tres dimensiones: descripción de la aplicación, tratamiento de la imagen y protección de datos. Cada aplicación tiene sus particularidades respecto a la modificación de la fisionomía de una persona, en especial la cara. En algunos casos podría cuestionarse la legalidad de las aplicaciones ya que pueden incidir en los derechos fundamentales de las personas. Se observa en los resultados que en muchos casos no se informa al usuario de la tecnología que emplean las aplicaciones, ni los tipos de datos que se recogen. Se concluye que las apps permiten generar vídeos falsos manipulando la fisionomía de las personas aunque hay una falta importante de información sobre las políticas de privacidad de los datos que recogen. Además, el uso de estas aplicaciones puede llegar a dañar la imagen y/o prestigio de una persona e incluso llegar a suplantar su identidad.	es-ES
dc.format	application/pdf
dc.language	spa
dc.publisher	Ediciones Complutense	es-ES
dc.relation	https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/DCIN/article/view/77256/4564456559649
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dc.rights	Derechos de autor 2021 Documentación de las Ciencias de la Información	es-ES
dc.source	Documentación de las Ciencias de la Información; Vol. 45 No. 1 (2022): Periodismo y algoritmos: de la era de la información a la era del algoritmo; 25-32	en-US
dc.source	Documentación de las Ciencias de la Información; Vol. 45 Núm. 1 (2022): Periodismo y algoritmos: de la era de la información a la era del algoritmo; 25-32	es-ES
dc.source	1988-2890
dc.source	0210-4210
dc.subject	Deepfake	en-US
dc.subject	disinformation	en-US
dc.subject	video manipulation	en-US
dc.subject	apps	en-US
dc.subject	mobile applications	en-US
dc.subject	Deepfake	es-ES
dc.subject	desinformación	es-ES
dc.subject	manipulación de vídeos	es-ES
dc.subject	apps	es-ES
dc.subject	aplicaciones móviles	es-ES
dc.title	Deepfakes applications. Manipulation of audiovisual content and risks for users based on privacy policies	en-US
dc.title	Aplicaciones de deepfakes. Manipulación de contenido audiovisual y riesgos para los usuarios basados en las políticas de privacidad	es-ES
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion