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Título : | Impact of Covid-19 on Labor Relations in Ecuador Impacto del Covid-19 en las relaciones laborales en Ecuador Impact du Covid-19 sur les relations de travail en Équateur Impatto del Covid-19 sui rapporti di lavoro in Ecuador Impacto da Covid-19 nas relações de trabalho no Equador |
Palabras clave : | working days;principles of Labour Law;emerging regulations;jornadas de trabajo;principios del Derecho Laboral;regulaciones emergentes |
Editorial : | Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador - PUCE: Centro de Publicaciones y Dirección de Investigación |
Descripción : | ABSTRACT:
Since March 11, 1920, when a state of health emergency was declared in Ecuador due to the imminent possibility of the effect of the coronavirus Covid-19, a generalized crisis has been unleashed in all areas of social life. The most affected sector has undoubtedly been the health sector, with the loss of thousands of people. However, the area of labour relations has also been strongly impacted. Many workers have seen their rights altered, so dearly won. Working conditions have changed, and worst of all, infinite sources of work have been lost, thus depriving a considerable percentage of the population of the fundamental right to work, with which to take food home. The deprivation or reduction of income derived from an employment relationship in turn affects other fundamental rights, such as food, clothing, education, health and leisure. For this reason, this article is dedicated to the emerging regulations that were issued to confront the crisis provoked by Covid-19 in Ecuador and how they, in many cases, failed to observe fundamental principles of labor law; although this could be considered reasonable and legitimate given the situation of extreme exceptionality. The analysis is limited to the labour relations of private employees and workers, i.e., workers subject to the Labour Code. It also refers, finally, to the challenges presented by the economic revival in the new scenarios and working conditions in what has been called "the new normality", as well as the great challenge that Labour Law has to redefine itself, without losing its raison d'être, and thus adapt to the demands of future work and the future of work, as a result of globalisation, advances in science and technology, and the consequent automation. In short, it refers to the need for the new Labour Law to project itself into the future of the world of work with a different, innovative and progressive outlook in order to be more just, equitable and inclusive.
KEYWORDS: working days; principles of Labour Law; emerging regulations.
JEL CODE:J22, J24 ABSTRACT:Since March 11, 1920, when a state of health emergency was declared in Ecuador due to the imminent possibility of the effect of the coronavirus Covid-19, a generalized crisis has been unleashed in all areas of social life. The most affected sector has undoubtedly been the health sector, with the loss of thousands of people. However, the area of labour relations has also been strongly impacted. Many workers have seen their rights altered, so dearly won. Working conditions have changed, and worst of all, infinite sources of work have been lost, thus depriving a considerable percentage of the population of the fundamental right to work, with which to take food home. The deprivation or reduction of income derived from an employment relationship in turn affects other fundamental rights, such as food, clothing, education, health and leisure. For this reason, this article is dedicated to the emerging regulations that were issued to confront the crisis provoked by Covid-19 in Ecuador and how they, in many cases, failed to observe fundamental principles of labor law; although this could be considered reasonable and legitimate given the situation of extreme exceptionality. The analysis is limited to the labour relations of private employees and workers, i.e., workers subject to the Labour Code. It also refers, finally, to the challenges presented by the economic revival in the new scenarios and working conditions in what has been called "the new normality", as well as the great challenge that Labour Law has to redefine itself, without losing its raison d'être, and thus adapt to the demands of future work and the future of work, as a result of globalisation, advances in science and technology, and the consequent automation. In short, it refers to the need for the new Labour Law to project itself into the future of the world of work with a different, innovative and progressive outlook in order to be more just, equitable and inclusive. KEYWORDS: working days; principles of Labour Law; emerging regulations. RESUMEN:Desde el 11-III-20, en que declaró el estado de emergencia sanitaria en el Ecuador por la inminente posibilidad del efecto provocado por el coronavirus Covid-19, se desató una crisis generalizada en todos los órdenes de la vida social. El sector más afectado, sin duda ha sido el de la salud, con la pérdida de miles de personas. No obstante, el ámbito de las relaciones laborales también ha sido fuertemente impactado. Muchas personas trabajadoras han visto alterados sus derechos, tan caramente conquistados. Se han modificado condiciones del trabajo, y lo peor de todo, se han perdido infinitas fuentes de trabajo, privando así a un considerable porcentaje de la población del derecho fundamental al trabajo, con el cual llevar el alimento a sus hogares. La privación o reducción de los ingresos derivados de una relación laboral, repercute a su vez en otros derechos fundamentales, como la alimentación, la vestimenta, la educación, la salud, el ocio. Por ello, este artículo se dedica a las regulaciones emergentes que se expidieron para enfrentar la crisis provocada por el Covid-19 en el Ecuador y de cómo ellas, en muchos casos, inobservaron principios fundamentales del Derecho del Trabajo; aunque ello pudiera considerarse razonable y legítimo dada la situación de extrema excepcionalidad. El análisis se circunscribe a las relaciones laborales de los empleados privados y los obreros, es decir, a los trabajadores sujetos al Código del Trabajo. También se refiere, finalmente, a los retos que se presentan para la reactivación económica en los nuevos escenarios y condiciones laborales en lo que se ha denominado “la nueva normalidad”, así como al gran desafío que tiene el Derecho del Trabajo para redefinirse, sin perder su razón de ser, y así adaptarse a las exigencias del trabajo del futuro y del futuro del trabajo, como resultado de la globalización, de los avances de la ciencia y de la tecnología, y la consecuente automatización. En definitiva, se refiere a la necesidad de que el nuevo Derecho del Trabajo se proyecte al futuro del mundo del trabajo con una mirada diferente, innovadora y progresista para ser más justo, equitativo e inclusivo. JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: J22, J24 ABSTRAIT: Depuis le 11 mars 1920, date à laquelle l'état d'urgence sanitaire a été déclaré en Équateur en raison de la possibilité imminente de l'effet du coronavirus Covid-19, une crise généralisée s'est déclenchée dans tous les domaines de la vie sociale. Le secteur le plus touché a sans aucun doute été le secteur de la santé, avec la perte de milliers de personnes. Cependant, le domaine des relations de travail a également été fortement touché. De nombreux travailleurs ont vu leurs droits modifiés, si chèrement gagnés. Les conditions de travail ont changé et, pire que tout, des sources infinies de travail ont été perdues, privant ainsi un pourcentage considérable de la population du droit fondamental au travail, avec lequel apporter de la nourriture à la maison. La privation ou la réduction des revenus découlant d'une relation de travail affecte à son tour d'autres droits fondamentaux, tels que l'alimentation, l'habillement, l'éducation, la santé et les loisirs. Pour cette raison, cet article est consacré aux réglementations émergentes qui ont été édictées pour faire face à la crise provoquée par Covid-19 en Équateur et à la manière dont elles, dans de nombreux cas, n'ont pas respecté les principes fondamentaux du droit du travail; bien que cela puisse être considéré comme raisonnable et légitime étant donné la situation d'exceptionnalité extrême. L'analyse se limite aux relations de travail des salariés du privé et des travailleurs, c'est-à-dire des travailleurs soumis au Code du travail. Elle renvoie également, enfin, aux défis posés par la relance économique dans les nouveaux scénarios et conditions de travail dans ce qu'on a appelé " la nouvelle normalité ", ainsi que le grand défi que le droit du travail doit se redéfinir, sans perdre sa raison d'être, et ainsi s'adapter aux exigences du travail futur et à l'avenir du travail, du fait de la mondialisation, progresse en la science et la technologie, et l'automatisation qui en résulte. En bref, il fait référence à la nécessité pour la nouvelle loi du travail de se projeter dans l'avenir du monde du travail avec une perspective différente, innovante et progressiste afin d'être plus juste, équitable et inclusive. MOTS CLÉS: jours ouvrables; principes du droit du travail; réglementations émergentes. CODE JEL: J22, J24 ASTRATTO: Dall'11 marzo 1920, quando in Ecuador è stato dichiarato lo stato di emergenza sanitaria per l'imminente possibilità dell'effetto del coronavirus Covid-19, si è scatenata una crisi generalizzata in tutti gli ambiti della vita sociale. Il settore più colpito è stato senza dubbio quello sanitario, con la perdita di migliaia di persone. Tuttavia, anche l'area dei rapporti di lavoro è stata fortemente influenzata. Molti lavoratori hanno visto i loro diritti alterati, così tanto conquistati. Le condizioni di lavoro sono cambiate e, peggio ancora, sono andate perdute infinite fonti di lavoro, privando così una percentuale considerevole della popolazione del diritto fondamentale al lavoro, con il quale portarsi a casa il cibo. La privazione o la riduzione del reddito derivante da un rapporto di lavoro colpisce a sua volta altri diritti fondamentali, come il cibo, l'abbigliamento, l'istruzione, la salute e il tempo libero. Per questo motivo, questo articolo è dedicato alle normative emergenti emanate per fronteggiare la crisi provocata dal Covid-19 in Ecuador e come in molti casi non hanno rispettato i principi fondamentali del diritto del lavoro; sebbene ciò possa essere considerato ragionevole e legittimo data la situazione di estrema eccezionalità. L'analisi è limitata ai rapporti di lavoro dei dipendenti privati e dei lavoratori, cioè i lavoratori soggetti al Codice del lavoro. Si riferisce, infine, anche alle sfide presentate dal rilancio economico nei nuovi scenari e condizioni di lavoro in quella che è stata definita "la nuova normalità", nonché alla grande sfida che il diritto del lavoro deve ridefinire, senza perdere la ragione. essere, e quindi adattato alle esigenze del lavoro futuro e al futuro del lavoro, come risultato della globalizzazione, dei progressi della scienza e della tecnologia e della conseguente automazione. In breve, si riferisce alla necessità che il nuovo diritto del lavoro si proietti nel futuro del mondo del lavoro con una prospettiva diversa, innovativa e progressista per essere più giusto, equo e inclusivo. PAROLE CHIAVE: giorni lavorativi; principi del diritto del lavoro; normative emergenti. CODICE JEL : J22, J24 |
URI : | http://biblioteca-repositorio.clacso.edu.ar/handle/CLACSO/155388 |
Otros identificadores : | http://www.revistarfjpuce.edu.ec/index.php/rfj/article/view/314 10.26807/rfj.vi8.314 |
Aparece en las colecciones: | Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador - FCH-PUCE - Cosecha |
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